EE2027 POWER SYSTEM TRANSIENTS SYLLABUS

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AIM

To review the over voltages (or) surges due to the phenomena of switching operations

and lighting discharge. Also to study propagation, reflection and refraction of these

surges on the equipments their impact on the power system grid.

OBJECTIVES

 To study the generation of switching transients and their control using circuit –

theoretical concept.

 To study the mechanism of lighting strokes and the production of lighting surges.

 To study the propagation, reflection and refraction of travelling waves.

 To study the impact of voltage transients caused by faults, circuit breaker action,

load rejection on integrated power system.

UNIT I INTRODUCTION AND SURVEY

Review and importance of the study of transients - causes for transients.

RL circuit transient with sine wave excitation - double frequency transients - basic

transforms of the RLC circuit transients.

Different types of power system transients - effect of transients on power systems – role

of the study of transients in system planning.

UNIT II SWITCHING TRANSIENTS

Over voltages due to switching transients - resistance switching and the equivalent

circuit for interrupting the resistor current - load switching and equivalent circuit -

waveforms for transient voltage across the load and the switch - normal and abnormal

switching transients. Current suppression - current chopping - effective equivalent circuit.

Capacitance switching - effect of source regulation - capacitance switching with a

restrike, with multiple restrikes. Illustration for multiple restriking transients - ferro

resonance.

UNIT III LIGHTNING TRANSIENTS

Review of the theories in the formation of clouds and charge formation - rate of charging

of thunder clouds – mechanism of lightning discharges and characteristics of lightning

strokes – model for lightning stroke - factors contributing to good line design - protection

using ground wires - tower footing resistance - Interaction between lightning and power

system.

UNIT IV TRAVELING WAVES ON TRANSMISSION LINE COMPUTATION OF

TRANSIENTS

Computation of transients - transient response of systems with series and shunt lumped

parameters and distributed lines. Traveling wave concept - step response - Bewely’s

lattice diagram - standing waves and natural frequencies - reflection and refraction of

travelling waves.

UNIT V TRANSIENTS IN INTEGRATED POWER SYSTEM

The short line and kilometric fault - distribution of voltages in a power system - Line

dropping and load rejection - voltage transients on closing and reclosing lines - over

voltage induced by faults - switching surges on integrated system. Qualitative application

of EMTP for transient computation.

TEXT BOOKS

1. Allan Greenwood, ‘Electrical Transients in Power Systems’, Wiley Interscience, New

York, 2nd edition 1991.

2. R.D.Begamudre, ‘Extra High Voltage AC Transmission Engineering’, Wiley Eastern

Limited, 1986.

REFERENCES

1. M.S.Naidu and V.Kamaraju, ‘High Voltage Engineering’, Tata McGraw Hill, 2nd

edition, 2000.