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UNIT I ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION AND ANTENNA FUNDAMENTALS
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Review of electromagnetic theory: Vector potential, Solution of wave equation, retarded
case, Hertizian dipole. Antenna characteristics: Radiation pattern, Beam solid angle,
Directivity, Gain, Input impedance, Polarization, Bandwidth, Reciprocity, Equivalence of
Radiation patterns, Equivalence of Impedances, Effective aperture, Vector effective
length, Antenna temperature.
UNIT II WIRE ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA ARRAYS 9
Wire antennas: Short dipole, Radiation resistance and Directivity, Half wave Dipole,
Monopole, Small loop antennas. Antenna Arrays: Linear Array and Pattern Multiplication,
Two-element Array, Uniform Array, Polynomial representation, Array with non-uniform
Excitation-Binomial Array
UNIT III APERTURE ANTENNAS 9
Aperture Antennas: Magnetic Current and its fields, Uniqueness theorem, Field
equivalence principle, Duality principle, Method of Images, Pattern properties, Slot
antenna, Horn Antenna, Pyramidal Horn Antenna, Reflector Antenna-Flat reflector,
Corner Reflector, Common curved reflector shapes, Lens Antenna.
UNIT IV SPECIAL ANTENNAS AND ANTENNA MEASUREMENTS 9
Special Antennas: Long wire, V and Rhombic Antenna, Yagi-Uda Antenna, Turnstile
Antenna, Helical Antenna- Axial mode helix, Normal mode helix, Biconical Antenna, Log
periodic Dipole Array, Spiral Antenna, Microstrip Patch Antennas.
Antenna Measurements: Radiation Pattern measurement, Gain and Directivity
Measurements, Anechoic Chamber measurement.
UNIT V RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION 9
Calculation of Great Circle Distance between any two points on earth, Ground Wave
Propagation, Free-space Propagation, Ground Reflection, Surface waves, Diffraction,
Wave propagation in complex Environments, Tropospheric Propagation, Tropospheric
Scatter. Ionospheric propagation: Structure of ionosphere, Sky waves, skip distance,
Virtual height, Critical frequency, MUF, Electrical properties of ionosphere, Effects of
earth’s magnetic fields, Faraday rotation, Whistlers.
L: 45, T: 15, TOTAL= 60 PERIODS
TEXTBOOKS
1. E.C.Jordan and Balmain, “Electromagnetic waves and Radiating Systems”, Pearson
Education / PHI, 2006
2. A.R.Harish, M.Sachidanada, “Antennas and Wave propagation”, Oxford University
Press, 2007.
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REFERENCES
1. John D.Kraus, Ronald J Marhefka and Ahmad S Khan, “Antennas for all
Applications”, Tata McGraw-Hill Book Company, 3 ed, 2007.
2. G.S.N.Raju, Antenna Wave Propagation, Pearson Education, 2004.
3. Constantine A. Balanis, Antenna Theory Analysis and Desin, John Wiley, 2nd Edition,
2007.
4. R.E.Collins, “Antenna and Radiowave propagation”,
5. W.L Stutzman and G.A. Thiele, “Antenna analysis and design”, John Wiley, 2000.
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